The Harmful Effects of Metal on Headstones

​Headstones are more than just markers; they're historical records, testaments to lives lived, and links to our collective past. Unfortunately, these important monuments are often susceptible to damage, and one of the most common—and preventable—causes comes from an unlikely source: metal tools.

​Whether from deliberate vandalism or a well-intentioned but misguided attempt at cleaning, metal tools can cause permanent, irreversible damage to headstones. This damage isn't just cosmetic; it can accelerate the stone's decay, compromising its structural integrity and historical value.

Even small metal tools can cause big problems. Here’s a breakdown of the types of damage they can inflict:

• ​Scratches and Fissures: Using wire brushes or scrapers on a headstone can create tiny scratches and cracks, especially on softer stones like marble or sandstone. These micro-fissures allow water and dirt to penetrate the surface, leading to faster erosion and decay.

• ​Deep Gouges: Deliberate vandalism often involves blunt, heavy instruments like sledgehammers or pickaxes, which can cause significant, destructive damage. These deep gouges are nearly impossible to conceal and often require extensive, costly repairs.

• ​Damage from Old Repairs: Historically, iron pins and metal plates were often used to mend broken headstones. Over time, these metal components rust and expand, putting immense pressure on the stone and causing it to crack or fracture from within.

​The Right Way to Repair Damaged Headstones

​Once a headstone is damaged by metal tools, repair is a job for a professional. Unlike household DIY projects, monument repair requires specialized knowledge and materials.

• ​Professional Assessment is Key: For severe or extensive damage, a trained monument company or conservator is the best resource. They can properly assess the damage and use the right techniques to ensure the repair is both durable and aesthetically pleasing.

• ​Specialized Materials: For clean breaks, a conservator will use monument-grade epoxy, which is specifically designed to bond with stone and withstand the elements. For smaller chips and gouges, they may use a matching stone epoxy or lime-based mortar. These materials are chosen to blend with the original stone and ensure the repair lasts.

• ​What to Avoid: You should never use improper materials like silicone, cement, or household glues. These can cause further, irreparable damage. Additionally, avoid high-pressure water and power tools, as they can weaken or break fragile headstones.

​Preventing Future Damage

​Protecting headstones from metal tool damage is a community effort. Here are some simple steps to help preserve our historic monuments:

• ​Use Proper Cleaning Methods: Never use any tool harder than the stone itself. Instead of wire brushes, use soft-bristle brushes and plain water or a specialized biological cleaner. Harsh chemicals like bleach or ammonia should also be avoided, as they can eat away at the stone's surface.

• ​Educate and Inform: Share the importance of respecting burial grounds with family, friends, and community groups. Teaching others about the sensitive nature of historic monuments is one of the best forms of prevention.

• ​Increase Security and Maintenance: Cemetery grounds that are well-lit and well-maintained can deter illicit activities. Simple measures like perimeter fencing and security cameras can also help protect these invaluable pieces of our history.